A target of 40% domestic GHG reduction by 2030 could cost the EU 0.2% of its GDP in 2030. The estimation of total costs in Austria is €570m (0.2% of GDP) and in the Czech Republic €300m (0.1% of GDP). The rough estimate of the annual increase in costs to achieve the 27% energy efficiency target in the EU (by 2030) is at least €2 bn. The cumulated costs in the Czech Republic alone could be €7 bn between the years 2020 and 2030. Who will bear the costs of the European energy policy targets? Will these goals contribute to the competitiveness of the EU member states on the global market? The objective of the discussion seminar is to discuss challenges and impacts related to the implementation of the European energy policy targets. The seminar is focused on the practical issues of energy targets and their implementation in the Czech Republic and Austria, especially on impact assessment methods and methodology for tracking and recording energy savings at both the national and international levels.